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The oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by oxygen (O2) is
well established. The net reaction is: 6 H2S + 3O2 = 6H2O +
6S (water and elemental sulfur). The rate of oxidation is
slow, but a catalyst, which will remain nearly unchanged at
the end of the reaction, can accelerate it. In plain language, H2S and O2 in the air are driven into
the moisture that coats the catalytic media. Oxidation by O2
is substantially accelerated electrochemically.
A proper balance of the following critical elements must
be achieved for success: |
- proper catalytic media
- surface area of media
- H2S concentrations
- velocity and residence time
H2S removal rates are affected most by residence time,
and can range from 50 to >95 percent. Catalytic media is
almost always used as a first-stage media ahead of
chlorine dioxide-releasing media.
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Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an extremely
powerful oxidizing agent. For example, one pound of ClO2
is equivalent in oxidation power to 2.5 pounds of
chlorine and 3.8 pounds of potassium permanganate.
Because it reacts selectively and primarily with only
the most offensive odor-producing compounds (H2S,
organic sulfurs, organic amines), this media will
normally provide a much longer service life than
products such as activated carbon, chlorine, hypo
chlorite, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate.
Unwanted reactions do not occur. Power is not needlessly
spent. ClO2 remains available and ready on demand. In contrast to chlorine and hypochlorite, ClO2 does not
react with ammonia and is not a chlorinating agent. It
typically reacts with organics as an oxidant and does
not form trihalomathanes nor will it form chlorinated
by-products. It does not react with water to form
hypochlorus and hydrochloric acid, as does chlorine gas.
H2S is rapidly oxidized to inorganic sulfate while
organic sulfides react to form sulfonyl compounds and
oxygen-containing by-products, thus effectively
eliminating many odors. Tertiary amines oxidize very
rapidly; primary and secondary amines react very slowly
or not at all. ClO2 has relatively low oxidizing
activity toward olefins. Alcohols and carboxyl compounds
react to produce carboxylic acids. The breaking of
carbon-carbon bonds is generally not extensive in most
reactions.
While all chemical products should be handled with care,
here are two points of interest concerning ClO2:
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- Approved by the EPA for use as a primary disinfectant
in drinking water. It has shown no adverse effects to
human health after decades of use.
- The proprietary chlorine dioxide and the precursors
used in Persnickety media are EPA, FDA and USDA approved
for sanitation uses in food and dairy plants.
WARNING Do not add acids or chemicals to this media.
There is potential for gas-producing reactions.
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This technology protects against the escape of malodors
that cannot be oxidized or readily oxidized. This
chemistry is complex and broadly useful. It incorporates
neutralization technology, but expands considerably
beyond it. Polymeric adsorption is a facet. This
involves the building up of malodorous molecules via
electrostatic attractions and Van der Waals forces so
that they are not recognized for what they are. The
process of esterification is also incorporated. Acids
and alcohols react to form esters, which normally have a
pleasant scent.
There are two versions – one is odorless, the other has
a clean “soapy” smell. Both contain only non-reactive,
stable materials. All raw materials are listed in the
EPA TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory and in the
European Economic Community Inventory of Chemical
Substances.
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This media functions through adsorption and absorption.
Its primary target constituent is ammonia. In many
situations, ammonia is not present at problematic
levels, but when digestion processes are involved
ammonia is often present at very high levels. As stated
above, ClO2 does not react with ammonia as a
chlorinating agent nor as an oxidant. This is a strong
positive because this media can remove it at a fraction
of the cost of chemical removal. Other nitrogen-based
odors are removed as well, such as primary and secondary
amines.
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- Peacemaker Oxidizing Dry-Air Scrubbers (Form No. 550)
- Peacemaker Odor Control Manhole Inserts (Form No. 575)
- Peacemaker Vent Stack Odor Control Filters (Form No.
576)
- Replacement for activated carbon, potassium
permanganate pellets and any other material found in
fixed-bed odor control devices
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Catalytic |
ClO2 |
Countervailant® |
Molecular Sieve |
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Appearance |
Black Granules |
Tan Granules |
Tan Granules |
Green Granules |
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Mesh |
- 3 to + 5, Tyler |
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Nominal Weight
(lbs/ft3) |
55 |
50 |
45 |
55 |
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Odor |
None |
Slight Chlorine |
“Soapy” or None |
None |
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Packaging |
3-1/2 gal. Pails; 30 gal. Drums; Bulk Bags |
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Shelf Life |
Indefinite |
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Storage |
Store all media in a dry, protected area. Store ClO2
media in a well ventilated area away from acids. |
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Disposal |
All expended media can be land filled. Check local
regulations for pH restrictions. Media left in place too
long can reduce in pH. |
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:
Our only obligation shall be to
replace or pay for any material proved
defective. Beyond the purchase price of
materials supplied by us, we assume no liability for
damages of any kind and the user accepts the product
"as is" and without warranties, expressed or
implied. The suitability of the product for an
intended use shall be solely up to the user.
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© 1994-2007 Syneco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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